Eastern Religions Essay Example for Free

Eastern Religions Essay As far as the studies of Eastern religions show, the founders and saints of the religions exemplify the central virtues of the community. There is no wonder that this feature characterizes the religions because there is always a thirst for perfection in every community and in every nation. In Indian culture, the main figures are Buddha, Yudhishtira and Arjuna. Buddha represents the virtue of giving up comfort for the highest good and following the Eightfold path (right speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, concentration, view and intentions). Yudhishtira represents the virtues of wisdom and justice. Yudhishtira lived for justice, and patiently suffered humiliation and exile. An important representative of Indian culture is Arjuna whose greatest virtues were morality, duty, the idea of karma yoga, acting with holy indifference. We can conclude that all the mentioned central figures reflect the main virtues in Indian culture because the virtues which are the most valued in Indian lecture have always been wisdom, justice, holy indifference. In Chinese culture central figures are Confucius and Lao Tzu. Confucius represents the virtue of goodness which includes an effective concern for well-being of others, rightness, loyalty, knowledge and trust. On the contrary, Lao Tzu completely disagrees with Confucius’ ethics and represents the ideals of primitive utopia without the corrupting accoutrements of civilization. Thus, Confucius’ ethics rather shows the ideals which are reflected in Chinese culture because high morals and values play an important role in their culture. In our opinion, it’s very important for religions to have a central figure of a perfect person because it gives people an idea that they have to be like him and they become kinder. The readings about the mentioned central figures in religions support my opinion that Eastern religions devote lots of attention to questions of high morals and this makes the nations virtuous.

Body Building And Training

Body Building And Training Like any other sport, body building requires one to go through a lot of body building training in order to perfect ones skill as well as build up the desired mass of body muscle. This entails the body builder enrolling in weight lifting sessions where you are assigned to a coach. Through hard work and training routines the coach helps you to achieve the desired mass of body muscle. When it comes to weight training routines there are generally two types of routines that come to mind: body sculpting and bodybuilding routines. Your trainer will help you through the routines as well as ensure that you are following the right routine. Body building training is mainly meant for bodybuilders whose main goal is to add pounds after pounds of muscle mass while taking their body fat levels to a neighborhood of 8-10% and in some instances, like a bodybuilding contest, even less, going as far as 3-4% body fat. A good body building training routine should have characteristics like; A good body building training routine should be short in terms of time. The general timing for a single session is between forty five minutes and seventy five to the maximum. Testosterone hormones which are responsible for muscle building and fat burning start to drop after 75 minutes. What this means is that training more than seventy five minutes will prevent you from gaining muscle and losing fat fast! It will also prevent you from fast recovery. As crazy as it sounds, more is not necessarily better for huge bodybuilding gains. In body building training, the rest in between sets should be kept minimal. Keeping your rest in between sets and exercises down not only helps you to perform a lot of work and still finish within the seventy five minutes, but it also helps you to improve your cardiovascular system. In addition, it has also been shown that this kind of training stimulates growth hormones output the most. It is most advisable to keep it less than ninety seconds. Keeping around eight to fifteen repetitions of sets for body building training routines improves blood flow into your muscles. This is important since along with the blood come nutrients that nourish the muscle cells and help them recover and rebuild bigger faster. In addition since you are doing so many repetitions, there is less probability of injury since youll be using a weight that you can control. It is also good for muscle building and fat burning occur more efficiently at these repetition ranges. Body building training must be varied and cycled. Do not get stuck with the same routine day in and day out. If you are a bodybuilder, and you do this, this guarantees zero muscle growth. This is without even mentioning boredom and lack of enthusiasm. Bodybuilding training cycles can go for a period of three to four weeks of high volume eight to fifteen repetitions per set or with periods of higher intensity of five to eight repetitions per set. Higher density periods are THE REQUIREMENTS AND BENEFITS OF BODY BUILDING RX Bodybuilding Rx techniques are those methods that enable one to build muscle without the use of artificial-and often illegal-injected or ingested substances. In the sport of bodybuilding rx, the classification of natural is based on the division in which the bodybuilders compete. While natural bodybuilders do not use drugs or illegal substances, they do use nutritional supplements and other legal products. Rx therefore is the prescription or method either supplements or workouts that a body builder follows to acquire the desired mass of body muscle In contrast to steroids, bodybuilding rx techniques offer a number of benefits to bodybuilders like, an absence of unhealthy side effects, long-lasting results with respect to enhanced musculature, which do not dissipate as is the case with steroid use. Besides workouts are positive rein forcers, as compared to excessive testosterone use which interferes with the release of endorphins Experts consider proper nutrition to be one of the most significant factors in body building rx. Although opinions regarding what constitutes proper nutrition for bodybuilders varies, many experts recommend that, of all of the calories a bodybuilder consumes each day, thirty percent should be a form of protein, fifty percent should be derived from carbohydrates and twenty percent should be from healthy fats. In addition, one should minimize, to the greatest extent possible, the consumption of sugar and of processed foods. Of course, this is true for all individuals. If your nutrition is poor then youll never get the muscle growth or muscularity that you are looking for. Work hard, get green and eat well. According to Iron Magazine, the trick with weight training is that you need to actually rest more than you need to train. When you train with weights, you are breaking down the fibers in the muscles of your body. In order to successfully build muscle, it is necessary to rest those same muscles the day after training. Thus, if you work the muscles of the upper body one day, do not work those same muscles the next day. A good training technique, therefore, is to work different muscle groups on alternate days. In addition, Iron Magazine suggests a number of body building rx techniques that have been proven to increase muscle mass relatively quickly. These varied techniques prevent the body from becoming too comfortable with a particular training routine and will enable the muscles to be more responsive to training. Bodybuilding Rx techniques are becoming increasingly popular with bodybuilders who desire a increased muscle mass without the side effects of muscle enhancing drugs. By choosing body building rx methods, including those rare supplements that have been proven through clinical studies to assist performance enhancement without unhealthy side effects, you can take pride in the fact that any muscle you build is derived from hard work, discipline and healthy habits as opposed to use of dangerous drugs. As always, consult a doctor before starting this, or any, exercise routine. Bodybuilding is particularly strenuous so this caution is particularly advisable before embarking on this path. Bodybuilding work outs People engage themselves in exercises for reasons like, loosing weight and body toning. How ever there are those who embark on working out otherwise known as body exercising to build their muscles. Others do not know the best workouts for building their body muscles so as a result, they drop pounds but those pounds come from losing muscle mass, which weighs more than fat. The good news is there are ways to maintain your current muscle mass while still losing weight. You must perform the proper body building muscles in order to burn fat and not muscle. To focus on cardiovascular workouts, is what most fitness instructors and health advocates advise. It will help your heart and lungs get stronger so you can do more exercise without getting worn out, so its a good way to start. However, you need to add some weight training to that recipe at least 2 to 3 times a week. That way youll be replenishing lost muscle and adding new muscle mass. This is good because muscle requires more calories than fat. If you have a lot of lean muscle mass in your body, your metabolism is going to increase which means youll burn off more calories and lose weight. When you stop taking in calories your body would automatically start using up these stockpiles. First, your body is going to convert your muscle mass into energy and thats going to slow your metabolism so you dont need as many calories in the first place which makes it harder for you to lose weight. A better plan is to gradually reduce your calorie intake and let your body adjust to the changes. For example, you might reduce your calories by 10% the first week, another 10% the second week, and so on. This prevents your body from going into starvation mode. When you begin with your body building workouts, it would be prudent to begin with bigger lifting. Starting out this way will help the human body to produce what is known as the Human Growth Hormone. Not only is this good for the rest of your body, but it will also help your muscles to grow. It would be wise to stay away from the machines and just go for the free weights as they call for a greater amount of control than a machine would. As long as you do compound body biulding workouts, your arms will get the workout that they need. As you are performing a sort of pulling action, which is to say rows or even pull ups, youre performing some great biceps workouts in the process. If you do arm body building workouts alone at first, then your compound workouts will not turn out very well. Make sure you do the standard arm workouts at the end. If you are finished with the big compound body building work outs, then its time to move on to the arm exercises to get big biceps. Hit your arms from as many angles as you can, but dont over do it. You can do a standing curl to hit the middle portion of the biceps; a decline curl your biceps to get it in the stretched position; and a concentration or spider curl to really hit the peak contraction point. By the way these are all supplicated, or palms up. One thing that you can do is superset the biceps. There are three triceps exercises that you can take advantage of in order do to this. One of these is an overhead triceps extension which is a standing triceps pushdown and kick-back. Remember to choose a position for the day and dont just go at it haphazardly. A few examples of good positions are middle, stretched, peak, and many others. Though youll want to do three or maybe even four supersets in a day, it isnt a good idea to exceed that. Above all, do warm-up exercises before you begin so you dont end up pulling something! Then theres the brachial is muscle. This is a muscle that is beneath the biceps and you will need to maintain a decent balance within your arms. To do this, you will need to turn your palms down during the exercise. Note that the brachial is the main muscle involved in flexing your elbow. If you turn your palms down, the biceps will be out of the picture and you will be able to focus on the brachial. By making the muscle bigger, the biceps will be pushed up, and they will be more prevalent. EFFECTS OF USING BASEBALL STEROIDS Base ball Steroids are man-made substances related to male hormones which are injected a players blood system to enhance muscle building and masculine characteristics. Though base ball steroids are illegal, they are still used by many athletes, baseball players, body builders and even coaches of high schools enforce use of athletic teens. Over time, these drugs cause serious health problems and many are irreversible. These drugs are taken a period of time, called cycling. This process involves taking multiple doses over a specific period of time, stopping for a period and starting up again. Anabolic baseball steroids are artificially produced testosterone, a male hormone. Because it is a male hormone, this drug increases strength, energy, and muscle mass. Baseball players are attracted to baseball steroids use because of its purported-and often very apparent-energy enhancement effects in a very short period of time and for a relatively small amount of effort. However, the health risks related to steroid abuse cannot be overstated. Base ball steroids have at least three different effects on the heart; they could lower the good type of cholesterol and raise the bad type of cholesterol in the blood or raise your blood pressure. They can also damage the heart by enlarging the left ventricle. Base ball steroids also have physical side effects like, enlarged breast in men. Women using them may develop a deep voice, facial hair and mens baldness. Base ball steroids also cause liver damage, stroke, prostrate cancer, sexual impotence and even infertility. These emotional-psychological effects like aggression, uncontrollable mood-swings, and psychiatric side effects are the most common side effects of base ball steroids. As a player, you may feel good when using base ball steroids but if you use them continuously you may start experiencing violence and manic-like symptoms. Depression is seen when use of the base ball steroids is stopped, which is why most users become dependant on steroids. Base ball steroid users suffer from irritability, delusions, jealously, paranoia, and impaired judgment on others. Some base ball steroid users begin turning to other dangerous drugs, such as heroin and opiates, to deal with the pain of steroid use. Despite their much highly acknowledged ability to pump up a player quickly, base ball steroids have another reputation that is not as well recognized. They are a temporary fix; indeed, the energy that base ball steroids build so quickly will just as quickly diminish once you stop taking them. This is why many players suffer from long-term base ball steroid abuse-to maintain their energy enhancing effects, they must continue taking this synthetic hormone. Continued baseball steroid abuse then leads to higher risks the users health. It would appear that the only benefit of base ball steroid use is their temporary advantage, but this advantage is accompanied by serious and often irreversible effects upon the users physical and sometimes emotional and psychological health. Besides use of base ball steroids is like digging ones own grave. STEREOTYPES ABOUT WOMEN IN BODY BUILDING What a man can do a woman can do it better This is a common saying in todays world where women have taken up the challenge of going an extra mile in trying out tasks and jobs earlier reserved for men. This includes sporting activities like body building whereby women strive to get the strong and tough bodies that some men have. Unfortunately, many women avoid bodybuilding because theyre afraid that theyll start looking manlier. These women are victims of the loads of stereotypes out there on the bodies of women in body building. Below are some of the most common stereotypes that are discouraging women from getting kind the bodies that they really want. For instance, the assumption that bodybuilding will make you develop muscle, but will not add the masculinity factor. Most definitely women in body building will definitely not look like male bodybuilders. Men produce lots more testosterone than women do, which is the main difference in anatomy of men and women. This chemical is that same component that lets men bulk up a lot. You can only get muscle to this magnitude if you intentionally take testosterone supplements, so if you dont take them, youve got nothing to worry about. Doing weight training doesnt, in any way, turn women into men; it simply tones and sculpts the female body to the best possible shape. Another stereotype that women tend to wish it were a reality is the assumption that women in body building have bigger and fuller breasts. Just like for men, bodybuilding helps take off the fat from the body while putting muscle in the place. This means that it might actually make the breast size smaller. If you want to avoid this, its important that a specific bodybuilding regimen is made specifically for females, as it will take into account all female characteristics. Women that train properly do not have to worry about losing mass in their breasts in the least. Through the ages, many women have had the fear like how men in body building have stiff bodies, then it is the same for women in body building. They tend to believe that weight training causes their body to stiffen and become muscle-bound knuckle draggers. This is an outrageous stereotype because female bodybuilding will actually do the opposite: it will give you so much more flexibility and grace; its impossible to realize without witnessing. Every society has its own stereotypes that its people specially the ladies harbor about women in bodybuilding. Most of them are carried on by people who dont have the will to keep their body in healthy condition and are not even conversant with the field of body building thus probably they dont know what theyre saying. If you want to develop your body to lead a healthier life while looking amazing, the best advice would be to consult professionals who know what theyre talking about. Do not ever give up a chance to appear and feel better just because of a dumb myth or two. WHAT TO EXPECT FROM A BODY BUIDING ENCYCLOPEDIA If you wish to achieve success from body building, it is important to look for a body building encyclopedia. The encyclopedia offers near help when you have unanswered questions on body building. It also acts as a reference, somewhere where you can refer to for direction on your way to achieving your desired mass of body muscle. Sometimes, when you start out your body building program a lot of obstacles suddenly come out of nowhere. A body building encyclopedia should contain all information such that with a copy of it on your hands problem solving is easy. Firstly the encyclopedia should define exhaustively what body building is, elaborate the sport of body building and offer a differentiation of body building and related sports like weight lifting and body sculpting. It should also touch on the benefits of body building as an introduction. The body building encyclopedia should contain information on the right diet recommended for body builders. It should take into account the various proportions of proteins, carbohydrates, fats vitamins and minerals that a body builder requires in a day. In addition the body building encyclopedia will guide the reader into identifying foods that are locally available which contain the required diet. None the least it should warn the reader on those foods which are bound to slow down the achievement of body building goals In the bodybuilding encyclopedia, the reader will find information on artificial and natural bodybuilding supplements together with the pros and cons of using both the natural and artificial food supplements in body building. encyclopedia may indicate some of the stores where you can get these supplements together with the advised and rightful doses for taking the supplements. Covered in the body building encyclopedia is the routines and bodybuilding cycles of workouts that help bodybuilders achieve their goals. The encyclopedia explains the importance and benefit of each set of bodybuilding cycles and its applicability with the aide of structured illustrations and pictures. There may also be examples of renown body builders and their testimonies of what they have done to achieve the great bodies they have. It is crucial that the body building encyclopedia has information about body building and women. Perhaps it could discuss some of the existing myths about body building and womens health in a bid to shed light on what is fact and what is fiction. It should also tackle issue like womens reproduction health and its relationship with body building. Lastly the body building encyclopedia should offer a training guide to body building trainers as well as show the procedures followed in judging a body building competition. All this information should have references with the author quoting the source of the information. The body building encyclopedia can go ahead to recommend further reading from helpful books that have focused on the specific information. For instance the reader will be recommended to read on from diet books. At the end of the day getting your endeavored body muscle is your ultimate goal so if the body building encyclopedia can offer you all the support you need, then go ahead and get yourself a copy. BODY BUILDING SUPPLEMENTS NEEDED BY YOUR BODY Body building supplements come as additions to an already existing good nutrition and training program. Body building mostly entails proper nutrition and training. Body building supplements however do not make up for improper training, or a low quality diet but only work when your diet and your training program are optimal. Body building supplements are good because they prevent us from getting any nutritional deficiencies. The increased activity levels from your body building exercise program will make your body have greater demands for vitamins and minerals, which will increase the probability of you suffering a deficiency without supplementation. Every slight nutrient deficiency can sabotage muscle growth thus your body cannot solely rely on food nowadays to provide you with all the vitamins and minerals that your body needs because the processing of foods before they get to the supermarket, cooking, air, and even light have already robbed your foods of most of the vitamins that they have to offer. If you are deficient in one or more nutrients your body may not be able to build muscle and burn fat properly. Not all bodybuilding supplements are created equal though. Your will body always need some while others are more dependent upon what your goals are and what your budget looks like. There are different categories of body building supplements varying from those your body needs to use at all times and the ones you will take only when there is a need to. Your body requires basic body building supplements every day to help you gain muscle. You may as well leave on basic body building supplements alone depending on your finances. You may need to add multiple vitamin and vitamin formula to ensure that your body operates at maximum efficiency. These also help to convert the food you eat into hormones, tissues and energy. Your body as well requires vitamin body building supplements which are produced by both animals and vegetables. These function as enhancers of the actions of proteins that cause chemical reactions such as muscle building, fat burning and energy production. There are two major types of vitamins, the fat soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins. Never the less the body also needs mineral body building supplements whose main function is to ensure that your brain receives the correct signals from the body. Mineral body building supplements are also responsible for balancing of fluids, muscular contractions and energy production not forgetting the building of muscles and bones. Minerals, just like vitamins are divided into two categories. Bulk minerals are needed by the body in large quantities and contain chemicals like calcium magnesium, potassium, sodium and phosphorus. The body turns these minerals into energy. Trace minerals on the other hand are required in minimal amounts and are usually in the order of micro organisms like chromium, copper, cobalt, silicon, selenium, iron and zinc. You should however be very careful when buying body building supplements as some of the packs do not always contain what is written on the labels. Others come from very poor sources and are not absorbed in the body well. EFFECTS OF ANABOLIC STEROIDS ABUSE Just like a coin, anabolic steroids have two sides. They may be helpful to athletes, players and body builders in assisting them achieve the longed for winning performances but they have negative effects too. Before you embark on the use of anabolic steroids you may have to consider the following effects which apparently make the negative side of anabolic steroid use heavier than the positive one. Anabolic steroids inhibit natural hormones. Since the endocrine system of your body is responsible for balancing of hormones in the body, introduction of a new hormone makes it to stop the production of the natural hormone in order to maintain the balance. For instance injecting synthetic testosterone makes a mans endocrine system to stop producing the natural testosterone. These could make the man to have sexual dysfunctions. Almost every body who abuses anabolic steroids suffers liver damage. Most anabolic steroids which are ingested orally pass through the liver, which functions as the bodys filtration system. When something goes through the liver, it is broken down by various enzymes, and passed along into the bloodstream. Orally administered anabolic steroids elevate the liver enzymes following ingestion. The liver starts to wear out due to the anabolic steroids toxic productions. Eventually you may suffer liver cirrhosis The effects anabolic steroids have on men include the development of gynecomastia which is also known as feminization of the breast tissue in males. Anabolic steroids contain androgens which convert testosterone into estrogen. The excess estrogen then finds its way to the receptors in breast tissue and binds to them. This results in the possibility of female-like breast tissue. Male breast development occurs in basically the same way as female breast development, and the use of anabolic steroids can result in this happening at a later stage in life for males. At puberty a surplus of hormones all combine to stimulate the growth and development of breast tissue. Anabolic steroids can also cause the development of acne and the extent to which it is experienced can be due to a number of varying factors, with the particular steroids and exact dosages used being the two primary factors. The skins sebaceous glands have a particularly high affinity to testosterone, which is an androgen the body naturally produces. Increased sebaceous gland activity can make the skin oily. The oil in the skin combine with bacteria and dead skin caused by normal wear and tear, eventually causing pores to become clogged more quickly than the body can remove them. Among the effects of anabolic steroids in women is masculinization, or the development of male sexual characteristics. This side effect on women is often reversible after the cycle has ended. Some of the typical signs of masculinization are the development of a deeper voice, growth of facial hair, enlargement of external genitalia and possible male pattern baldness, or acne on the face or body. High blood pressure is possibly the most easily remedied of all anabolic steroid side effects. This commonly affects anabolic steroid using athletes attempting to gain maximum bulk to abstain from all aerobic activity which causes the body to work much harder to circulate blood. Also, the typical water and sodium retention induced by certain steroids can contribute to high blood pressure. Steroids Online Just like any other products and materials commonly used by man, steroids have found their way in to the internet. Marketers and drug store owners use this viable way to find market for steroids. This works as an advantage to any one out in the world that is in search for steroids. All you need is to have access to internet facilities and you can find steroids online. The internet can be offer a wide range of information varying from existing facts about steroids to new and viable markets where one can get cheap and legal steroids. Before you buy steroids online you must make sure that their source is legal. By obtaining steroids online from an illegal source you expose yourself to the risk of losing your job, acquiring health complications, a jail term sentence, or even something more dangerous like fakes that are ineffective and unsafe to take. To avoid facing any of these consequences its important to take note of the following pointers which are a guide to purchasing steroids online. The most common steroids online are the anabolic steroids. These are synthetically produced varieties of the male hormone called testosterone. Some of the most common steroids you can buy on the internet are anabolic steroids and they are synthetically produced varieties of the hormone called testosterone. You can use them for building tissues and muscles as well as to increase the prominence of masculine characteristics. Some online marketers may refer to them as androgenic-anabolic steroids while others may use names like gym candies, weight trainers, roids, Arnolds, stackers, juice or pumpers. All these names do refer to the same item. In countries where like the United States you may be required to have a doctors prescription to be able to acquire steroids online and use them legally. Buying prescribed steroids online is legal. You may however need to check with the authorities for existing drug laws in some countries to avoid getting into trouble. You should visit your physician for a thorough health check-up and evaluation before shopping for steroids online. This will help you determine if your body is allergic to any kind of steroids .The doctor can also advise you on which steroids are most compatible with your blood type. It is mandatory for patients of diabetes, HIV/AIDS and high blood pressure to have these check-ups and health evaluation since anabolic steroids could pose them the risk of worsening their conditions. No doctor will advise you to take anabolic steroids if you are below twenty one years of age since your body is not full developed just as you can not be allowed to buy steroids online. Remember to do a wide research on the internet and compare different markets before buying steroids online. You can also update your self on the latest developments on steroids and use them to improve your strength, stamina, agility and endurance. However as a consumer its important that to be very careful and be ware of internet fraudsters. Some pseudo companies advertising steroids online are just after stealing from gullible consumers. WOMEN AND BODY BUILDING If you are interested in the sport of body building, all you need to do is register or sign up in a gym. From there you will be allocated a trainer who takes you through the basic elements of body building. You also get to be introduced to other brave women in body building with whom you can look up to for encouragement. The first type of work outs you are likely to be introduced to are the cardio-vascular work outs. Women in body building go through cardio- vascular workouts to build energy on the lungs. Strong lungs will be necessary in the muscle gaining workouts that come later in training. They also prepare you for resistance workouts. Resistance workouts involve circuit training in which youll move from one exercise to another with little or no rest for one complete circuit, repeating the circuit up to four times. This type of workout is efficient and very effective. It takes little time, yet it works all of your major muscle groups so youll burn mega-calories. Each circuit contains 8 exercises which will become more difficult as you progress through the different fitness levels. Youll know youre ready to move to the next level when you can complete four full circuits of your current routine. It is important for women in body building to observe good nutrition and dietary habits as this is very much crucial in the sport. Besides work outs body building requires a strict adherence to the recommended diet. Your trainer may also advise you to buy food, vitamin and mineral supplements to enhance your exhausting body building activities. Eating the right quantities of carbohydrates, fats and proteins will help you to gain muscles faster than a body builder taking low or poor diets. Women in body building should however avoid the use of illegal anabolic steroids. Even though the promise of gaining a great mass of body muscle is very tempting, these anabolic substances come with their own consequences. Some are even very embarrassing for the users since they can not be covered, for instance if a woman in body building is using anabolic steroids, she is likely to develop a deep voice like that of men, facial hair and male partnered baldness. These are very embarrassing and incriminating evidence that the builder is using illegal anabolic steroids. Women in body building are a

The Development Of The Hospitality Industry

The Development Of The Hospitality Industry Historians have traced the development of the hospitality industry through thousands of years and many cultures Viewing the industry through lens of history is helpful because it reveals the strong relationship between the shape of hospitality and the needs and expectations of diffrents societies. Because societies will continue to change in what they want,the hospitality industry will also continue to change . Future leaders within the industry will need to be focused on the ever-changing workforce and the evolving expectations of the travelling customers. 1.Define the term Hospitality Industry and give examples, advantages, and disadvantages of their use in the hospitality industry. If youre one of the people who gets satisfaction from provide service with a warm smile , this industry could be right up your alley in no time. In the hospitality industry , looking good and presenting good is being warm and cheerful and making people feel comfortable plays an important part of the hotel industry.The industry covers a wide various of portfolios in fields ranging from hotel to hotel to tourism and public relations.Hospitality and leisure contain of industry within the food services,recreation,accommodation and entertainment sectors.The ministry tourism has predicted a boom in the hotel sector in the country and those in the city wanting to be a part of this boom can chose courses offered by several institutes and colleges.Therefore, there are private institutes in the city that offers courses that will help many students to become airline cabin staff such as flight crew. Flight crew are require to have a cool head in times and calm passengers down in the emergency si tuations and see to it that they are kept comfortable and safe. Their duities include serving ,selling , preparation of onboard food and beverages.with the advantages of the hotel industry there also comes the disadvantages too. The disadvantages are working later hours at night and be very busy whole day, sometimes you may even skip your lunch , dinner . The disadvantages are also required training and education for a hotel management career , one disadvantages is to enter a career in hotel management is a need to gain some education and experience . Almost all of the hotel chains require a bachelors or masters degree to enter management position. Usually , the specialization in hospitality or hotel management is preferred and always needed. Therefore , motels may only require an associates relevant experience . Formal internships may also can required in some cases.Work environment, Employment Prospects , is another disadvantages in hotel industry , despite having a certain degree , there are also many types disadvantages to the work environment and job duties of a hotel and as a manager in the hotel. It may be difficult to conduct a whole range of activities to maintain a hotels function. This adds pressure from the responsibility of turning a profit. Although hotel managers can create their own schedule , may times maintain a hotel business requires working a very long hour. Usually, managers are on-call. In most some nighttime work hours will be require. Creates problems of adaptability to forgein environment and culture and its also increases the forgiveness of the subsidiary, it may also involve high transfer and salary coasts .hotel industry may lead to high failure rate. May be subject to local government restrictions. hotel industry theres many advantages and disadvantages working in a hotel line is not an easy job to do. It has all the hustle and bustle . but , the advantages in working in the hotel line is you get to see the beautiful atmosphere an d know many different types of people . Some of them maybe proud some of them are very friendly. The disadvantages are the working in the hotel line is a very tiring job also. Despite their operating freedom and generally small scale ,independents confront more difficult financial challenges than chain hotel . They faced the highest failure rate in the recession of the early 1990s . In order to get off the ground , they usually must raise large amounts of capital and show a very early profit ,despite limited advertising ans sales budgets . Independent hoteliers develop all of their own operations systems , so they succeed or fail based on the effectiveness of these systems . These systems are often very expensive and require significant debt service . Charge a commission that can be as high as 10 or 15 percent of the room rate. CONCLUSION : In conclusion , once again if the employee acknowledges the request and at least fulfill it to the customer is usually satisfied. On the other hand employee disinterest or unwillingness to consider resolving the service encounter leaves the customers dissatisfied. Advantages and disadvantages also have their good and bad sides . Both must changes and improve. QUESTION 2 : INTRODUCTION : Government that bring tourism to an economy all levels make an effort to develop and promote tourists destinations . One way governments do this, describe as earlier by providing facilities and capital investment unkeep at government à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Cowned destinations such national parks , monuments , and historical attractions. 2)Find out the factors that affecting travel and tourism. Explain in detail. Many Countries and destination areas seek the advantages that make tourism attractive.A healthy tourism trade benefits countries economically , socioculturally and environmentally . Carefully planning and management can help lessen negative impact. Economic gains and costs when a destination is developed for tourism , the wave of tourists coming in has a tremendous impact on the local and national economy. Therefore , local economy reaps the benefits at other times , it bears the costs ad outsiders take home the gains . Almost all destination require facilities and services nearby to satisfy the needs of visitors .Tourists usually spend money during their stay at a destination . Visitor spending provides income and profit for my businesses , hotel , restaurants , service stations , golf courses , grocery stores and souvenir shops. Business travel to a destination for conventions and meetings directly benefits transportation businesses , hotels and restaurants . Tourism also generates government revenue from direct taxation of tourism businesses and tourists. Local , state and national governments receive revenues from sales taxes , room taxes , alcohol and gasoline taxes , and user fees for parks , tollroads and other. Increase government revenue that may be used to improve the areas infrastructure can elevate the quality of life for local residents. Direct spending is money that goes directly from the traveler into the economy . This money includes payments for hotel rooms , restaurants meals , rental cars , recreation ,entertainment and souvenirs . Indirect spending is more income and further employment . For example : foodservice establishment ideally buy food and beverages from local suppliers . The suppliers make purchases from local farmers . Part of the money also supports employees who work in the hotel , restaurants , and other tourist businesses . The workers in turn pay for housing , buy groceries and so forth. Economic costs tourism also have a nega tive impact. One concern is the opportunity cost , that will be sacrificed by using a resource one way rather than another. For example : a community might have to decide between expanding an airport to bring in more tourists or allowing a manufacturer to locate on a particular piece of real estate . Leakage or money that flows out of the local economy to purchase outside resources . Many of the goods and services that are needed to satisfy tourists desires have to be imported. Thus , not all of the direct and indirect tourists expenditure money will stay in the local economy . Minimizing leakage is developing countries can minimize the loss of tourists income. For example : through trade negotiations they can reduce imports of tourism à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Crelated-materials and support industries instead. Economic benefits of destination development can outweigh possible negative impact. Sociocultural impact the effect of increased hospitality and tourism activities on the ways individual w ith other members of the society may be positive or negative. Changing family lifestyle and cross-cultural may result in either positive or negative influences .Weathers and special events are things that travelers would consider when planning their travel guide.The tourism industry is affected by a various of different kind of factors. Some of these kind of causes certain venue while other people affect tourism as a whole. Even if someone is having on something like travel. For many people , travel is considered a luxury to be done with lots of money when times are good. Prices in gas / fuel always have an effect on the tourism industry First if people are spending more on gas they may never want to take long distance road trip. Airline and bus companies need to pay for gas as well, they may need added cost even when this goes up just a little .Natural disasters can have an influence on specific destinations , furthermore people are hit by a natural disasters then they will not be worried about travelling.Many local residents find their lives changed when they obtain tourism related employment. Young people may enter the job market for the first time when tourism development occurs . On the positive side , this may contribute to increase family income , allowing families to buy products that were previously creased their means. The changed in lifestyle may also lead to demands for better housing and changes in dress and eating habits . When local people adopt practices from tourists , this is known as the demonstration effect . The demonstrations effects can have a negative outcome , though , if local residents come to realize that even with their increase income they cannot afford to live like the tourists . A feeling of envy towards the tourists may affluent visitors may result. Tourism can also help preserve historical sites and culture. A wave of tourists from other cultures may have less disirable consequences . For example : the Pennsylvania amish had l ived quietly for hundred of years until they become a tourists attractions . Tourism businesses built motels , restaurants , and souvenir shops to serve the growing numbers of tourists. Tourism can contribute to the undermining of social standards and to the commercialization of a culture . Some people say that local artistic standards suffer when reproductions of na?ve crafts are mass-produced for tourists consumption. Tourism can cause displacement if local residents find they can no longer live in their community after it has been newly developed as a destination . An increased demand for land for tourists facilities can cause property values to soar . The negative effects of tourism may include discrimination . Hiring and promotion practices of corporations new to an area maybe against employees. A community may discriminate against transplanted corporate employees. When they are not enough local workers to build and manage the tourists businesses , workers may be brought in fro m outside the area or even the country . A sudden wave of large numbers of outside workers may cause resentment in local workers. This may be especially true if the incoming employees occupy managerial positions that can earn high salaries while leaving the low paying menial jobs to local workers . If local workers see a higher standard of living for the newcomers , they may actively against them. On the other side , if the culture and lifestyle of the local residents is very different from that of the newcomers , the newcomers may be uncomfortable in their new situation Furthermore , the impacts of tourism on the local environment can cause harm to sensitive heritage sites , for example , the Lascaux cave in France had to be closed to the public because the tourists breath and body heat were destroying the pictures left on its walls by paleolithic artists . The mere presence of the visitors warmed the air around them , which caused condensation on the cooler cave walls. When the dr oplets fell , they look with them pigments from the 17,000 years old paintings. Conclusion : Hospitality business may be competitive business but its very interesting. The tourism industry is also concern with the events that would draw curiosity to tourist and the area.

Yin and Yang: the Nature of Scientific Explanation in a Culture Essays

Yin and Yang: the Nature of Scientific Explanation in a Culture ABSTRACT: I explore the nature of scientific explanation in a culture centering on the doctrine of yin and yang combined with that of five phrases, wu-hsing (YYFP). I note how YYFP functions as an alternative to the causal way of thinking, as well as the meaning of scientific explanation in a culture. I also consider whether a scientific concept becomes metaphorical when it is superseded by an alternative organizing concept. To a Western eye, or even to a contemporary Eastern eye, many explanations given under the doctrine of yin and yang combined with that of five phases (wu-hsing), apparently intended to be scientific, would seem either absurd or too arbitrary at first sight. An intriguing fact, however, is that the doctrine of yin and yang and that of five phases (hereafter YYFP) has prevailed until quite recently in almost all the areas of Far-Eastern cultures including medicine, astronomy, music, dance, architecture, geomancy. In this essay, I pay attention to the questions such as how YYFP functioned as an alternative to the causal way of thinking, and what it is to be a scientific or theoretical explanation in a culture. I also consider the question of whether a scientific concept becomes metaphorical when it is superseded by an alternative organizing concept. Let me begin with the development of the concept of YYFP, as you may not know in the first place what YYFP is. Until around the 4th century B.C., yin and yang were current words for "sunshine" and "shade" and were used separately from the five phases of change. Soon after, they came to be included in the six ch'i (six powers or forces) of Heaven. The six ch'i refer to wind, rain, dark, light,... .... Recent developments in quantum physics, biology and information science have put us in a position where we question the uniqueness of the causal-mechanical model of science. But these developments, even though sciences based on non-causal concepts might dominate in the culture, would not eradicate the causal way people have viewed the world and themselves, but only relegate the concept of cause to the realm of metaphor, a rhetorical way of putting things. The concept of cause then would no longer be a scientific concept, but would still be alive in the culture. What brings a change in the general worldview then? This would be the question I still have to ask. Notes (1) Tr.(in Korean)& ed. by Chung Young Ho (Jayou-Moongo, 1993), pp.22-23. English translation is mine. (2) Cf. Tung Chung-suh, Ch'un-ch'iu fan-lu (Luxurian Gems of the Spring and Autumn Annals).

The Catholics take on the end of the world :: essays research papers

The Last Judgment and The End of the World What would one do if you knew the world was going to end in 5 minutes? Would they do all the things they always desired to do but never got the time for? Would one get down and pray for absolution or would they sit back, relax and anticipate for the apocalypse to come. Everyone has some idea that they will be judged at the end of time of all the every day decisions that they make. There are 4 main areas of curiosity about the Last Judgment and the end of the world that this writer will familiarize you on in this paper, what it will be like preceding The Coming, When the Judgment will take place, the two types of judgment, and the conclusion afterwards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Everyone has his own sentiment of when he thinks the world will end some said it would happen at the turn of the millennium but it didn’t, others have hypothesized random dates throughout history But none have come true as to date. Jesus teaches that many calamities will mark the Second Coming and the Apocalypse. Kevin Knight writes in an article for New Advent and in it he says, â€Å"They are meant to foreshadow not to tell the day or the time, and will include. 1) The General Preaching of the Christian Religion. 2) The Conversion of the Jews. 3) The Return of Enoch and Elijah. 4) A Great Apostasy or revolt against the Catholic Faith. 5) The Reign of Antichrist who will be a powerful adversary of Christ. He will seduce the nations by his wonders, and persecute the Church. 6) Extraordinary Perturbations of Nature. 7) The Universal Conflagration. 8) The Trumpets of Resurrection will awaken the dead to resurrection. 9) The sign of the Son of Man Appearing i n Heaven or in a wonderful cross of light.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Earth should last for millions of years and gradually get colder until all life forms die, unless God steps in and brings the world, as the world knows it and passes out the last judgment. The population does not know when the Second Coming will transpire but they must be perpetually on the watch because it will come like a thief in the night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Heritage Dictionary defines the Last Judgment as The final judgment by God of all mankind. This interpretation is accurate but not fully complete because there is more behind it than that simple definition.

American Literature Essay

American literature traces back to the time of the Native Americans and Puritans, and over time developed many literary movements influenced by Transcendentalists and Realists. The beliefs of the Native Americans and Puritans as well as the philosophy of the Transcendentalists and Realists contrast with one another. These four major groups of American writers all differ in the sense that all of them look to a different power head or ideology for truth. For example, Native Americans look outside themselves to nature; while Puritans look to God, and Transcendentalists look within themselves; whereas realists question whether there is truth. The Native Americans have enriched our history of American literature with their stories and songs that depict their nature oriented beliefs. The Native Americans were polytheistic, meaning they believed in multiple gods. The gods they worshiped were all elements of nature such as the sun, the sky, and the earth. Look more:  irony in huckleberry finn essay The Indians had a strong spiritual connection with nature which is shown quintessentially in a Native American piece, Song of the Sky Loom, when the poem reads, â€Å"Oh Mother Earth, oh Father Sky, your children are we† (Tewa 34). The Indians believed without qualms that the truth is found in nature, which differed greatly with another group of American writers that became very popular in this time. The Puritans had a very strict religious ideology, and only looked to one place for truth; God. Unlike the Native Americans, the Puritans were monotheistic, in other words they only believed in one god. The structure of their life and their actions all revolved around the word of the bible. The Puritans believe that God is the creator of everything and therefor legislated by his law making Puritans very strict, moralistic, and conservative. Puritans looked to God for truth and faith which is expressed when a Puritan poet writes, â€Å"And when I could no longer look, I blest His name that gave and took, that laid my goods now in the dust† (Bradstreet 141), showing her devotion and respect towards God. Further down the road in American literature, a new philosophy was developed with a liberating idea of truth. The idea that truth can be found not outside of man, as other groups of writers suggest, but within man, had evolved. This idea is called Transcendentalism and it emphasizes the idea that truth is found in man’s own thoughts and intuition. Transcendentalists stress individualism and self- reliance while straying away from the desire for material things. They are religious; however, do not find it necessary to worship instead just stay in tune with one’s introspective thoughts and nature. Walt Whitman, a famous transcendentalist poet, wrote, â€Å"I celebrate myself, and what I assume you shall assume, for every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you† (Whitman 400), showing that every person is an individual but is also unified with the world and nature. Realists conceptualize their beliefs through questioning whether we can even find truth. Realists tend to try and dig beneath the facades that society so blindly accepts. One of the key strategies realists use to enable readers to question the truth is satire. Mark Twain was a famous Realist writer in early American literature that became very famous for using satire in his novels. Twain used satire to poke fun at social norms, potentially giving readers a new perception of the social normality people succumb to. Mark Twain’s famous novel, the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn consists of several uses of satire, for example, when the main character of the novel responds to a women’s lecture on heaven by saying, â€Å"Well, I couldn’t see no advantage in going where she’s going so I made up my mind I wouldn’t try for it.† (Twain 12). This quote allows readers think of religion less seriously and question whether it is even a place worth striving to get to. Although Native Americans, Puritans, Transcendentalists, and Realists differentiate from each other, they all embellish American literature with a wide range of ideologies and point of views towards where to seek truth. This variety allows readers to develop their own individual thought and conceptualize where they can also find truth.

Addressing Psychopathology Issues through Popular Film

There is a great deal of ways to teach school subjects. The restrictive curriculum of the past era focused on using clinical cases and accounts written in books. This method has been effective for that period alone because the students were reared following that kind of convention—they were acquainted with books and with reading in general.Therefore, the teaching method will be effective because the students are used to it. But now, there are newer, better methods that can be incorporated into teaching to make it more effective.With the introduction of technological advancements such as the television, computer and the internet, the society was gradually caught up in a paradigm shift and was transformed into visual learners. The visual-learners of today have to be taught in a way that they would appreciate because going against how they were reared by society will only lead to pointless interaction with them. And what better way than to use the advent of technology—film viewing of related movies with supplementary discussions right after the film was viewed (for clarification of issues).Although it is a very helpful medium to make students of psychology and psychiatry (or even people not associated with these particular subject areas) learn and appreciate certain concepts, the movie as a medium of teaching also poses detriments for the viewers. As we all know, the movie is still based on the concept of the director as a creative person. Therefore, even if it is a biographical account, still the director can and will introduce his interpretations to a certain extent. That is why instructors of different courses must be wary in leaving the students to interpret the movie themselves.Detailed discussion of what the students learned in the film must follow right after the film showing. For the purpose of discussing the contents and messages of the movie entitled A Beautiful Mind, this paper will be divided into several sections—each one focusing on particular topics such as the DSM-IV diagnosis of John Nash, the positive and negative messages about schizophrenia which was communicated in the film, and a criticism on the good points and short comings of the film in general. The DSM-IV Diagnosis of John NashThis section will further make people understand how a neurosis-afflicted person is diagnosed. The DSM-IV, or Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition), is a concise report on the psychological health of a person. Using the five axes, a person can now have a summary of his psychological make-up which will be the basis for treatments and medical interventions that should be administered to the patient. One reason why this type of summary report is done is to make an easy reference for each patient with a psychosocial disturbance.Neurosis is a complex state and there are many factors that may cause it so having a summarized report of the findings will make it easier for psychiatrists to refer to the patient’s history. If we are to make a DSM-IV diagnosis for Dr. John Nash Jr. , his diagnosis will be similar to the information that is written below: Axis I 295. 30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type Axis II 301. 0 Paranoid Personality Disorder Axis III Occupation-related paranoia (after lending his services of code breaking) Axis IV Occupational Difficulties (inability to get along with the people around him) V71.01 Adult Antisocial Behavior Axis V 61 The first axis discusses what kind of mental disturbance the patient experiences while the second axis is about the personality disorder that comes into effect because of or along with the disorder in the first axis. The third axis tells how the abnormalities in the first and second axis came about, with the information pertaining to personal experiences or events that might have triggered the psychiatric disorder. Axis IV is about the behavior of the mentally-challenged person and the last axis rates how the mild or severe th e patient is at present time.Embedded Messages As for the positive and negative messages portrayed by the film, the film was quite truthful in the way it represented the stigma attached to schizophrenic patients. It can be argued, however, that the film medium might have exaggerated a couple of encounters in John’s life—to achieve the desired cinematic effect—most accounts are genuine. The unsupportive nature around the character (aside from his wife Alicia) was testament to the limited information that people know about mental disorders and how to give complementary treatment to those who are undergoing psychiatric treatment.John Nash had to go through being shamed in front of people because of his hallucinations. It is a normal phenomenon that schizophrenics undergo during the course of their mental disorder. Also, a lot of critics consider the film as something that goes all out motivational for the family of the schizophrenics and the schizophrenics themselv es. It may be a good thing to encourage the family members of neurosis-afflicted people (and the patients themselves). But giving false hopes is another thing.It should be remembered that schizophrenia has two different types with Type I schizophrenia (positive symptoms or behavioral excesses) being â€Å"characterized by †¦ hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and confused thinking† (Rita L. Atkinson, 1999). Type II, on the other hand, is composed of the negative symptoms (behavioral deficits) â€Å"such as poverty of speech, emotional unresponsiveness, seclusiveness, and impaired attention† (Rita L. Atkinson, 1999). In John’s case, it is most likely a combination of the two types of neurosis since he is experiencing hallucinations and emotional unresponsiveness with bouts of paranoia.There is every reason to believe that his case is an extraordinary case of schizophrenia because he was still able to develop his economic theorem based on the concep t of equilibrium even with schizophrenia. Nash is most likely afflicted by the first type of neurosis because he is otherwise functioning normally, earlier in his life, when William Parcher (the perceived Department of Defense agent who asked for Nash’ help in breaking Soviet codes). Even his relationship with Charles (his imaginary roommate) was quite harmless.It was only when Parcher came and gave him bouts of paranoia did his psychosis become worse. The Good and the Bad of Psychopathology (As Depicted in the Film) Most movies made by directors not familiar with specialty knowledge such as psychopathology consult experts in the particular field. Somehow, Ron Howard was accurate in describing treatments used for psychosis such as the insulin shock therapy earlier administered to John. Considering that there were very few treatments and an equally few number of substantial clinical studies were made during that time, the treatments used in the film were quite crude.Inducing c oma through injecting an overdose of insulin is already an obsolete technique—but in the point of view of the people during that time, this treatment is an effective breakthrough. There was one of scene there that depicted accurately what effects psychiatric drugs can implicate on the patient: while John was baffled with a mathematical problem, he told Sol that â€Å"it's difficult with medication because it's hard to see the solution† (Howard, 2001). Obviously, John knows that his senses and his mental ability is being hindered by the drug.At that time, there was a prevailing belief that psychosis can only be cured by taking the prescribed medication and in-hospital treatments. However, the psychiatrists are undermining the negative effects of taking such treatments. The set-backs are often shoved under the rug while the benefits (and the possibility of being cured) are being emphasized over again. John and Alicia felt that the medications are already affecting their lives. One of the side-effects of the medication is John’s erectile dysfunction. There was one scene where john and Alicia are already in bed.Alicia tries to kiss him while caressing his body but John turns away with an obvious apprehension about his inability to satisfy his wife sexually. Aside from this, the treatments that were given to John resulted to psychomotor difficulties like uneven walking posture and trembling of hands. Identifying the Scene The camera men and scriptwriters were able to deliver a wonderful movie because of how the scenes were shot for a purpose. The deception was fulfilled right from the beginning and was later unfolded in the middle part of the story.The first day John arrived at Princeton, he went to his room to fix his things. And while he was doing that, a stranger suddenly barged into his room and introduced himself as Charles, his new roommate. Apparently, the audience was deceived that Charles was indeed a real person in the story. It even casted doubt upon Dr. Rosen’s evaluation that John was schizophrenic (since John was talking about his best friend Charles all the time). Once scene which established the fact that John was having psychiatric problems was when Dr.Rosen was talking to Alicia and he said to her that he phoned Princeton and that records showed John was living all alone in his room. Another scene that made John realize that he is simply hallucinating and that he does need some medical attention is the scene where he accidently hit Alicia (while supposedly arguing with Parcher). When he saw Alicia fleeing the house, there were flashbacks of Marcee’s face when he first saw her. John repeatedly had images of Marcee and Charles running on his head which led him to conclude that there was something wrong with the things he is seeing.Later on, it became obvious that Charles, together with his niece Marcee, were indeed hallucinations for they never got older as years pass by. Also, in the scene d escribed above, the director wants to point out that John is able to think rationally even without taking the prescribed medications. Looking at it in another perspective, there might be an embedded message that the medications might even be the one that was hindering John’s recovery from his neurosis. It was supposed to have a negative effect, as said by Dr.Rosen, on John but after he stopped taking the psychiatric drugs (shown in the scene where Alicia gave him two pink pills and a glass of water), he was able to think better and act more normally than when he was taking the meds. Conclusion While it may not be 100% accurate in depicting what really happens with schizophrenic patients. Such is the case when Alicia was portrayed in the film as a selfless and outstanding wife and mother. But in fact, Alicia divorced him in real life (Rosenstock, 2003). Nevertheless, there is an inherent need to make the film marketable to the masses so it has to end up in a rather positive no te.Films such as this can be used to discuss the issues involving psychiatric disorders. As the author has stated above, it is important that the professors today be able to understand how their students want to learn. In order to maximize the effort in teaching, the professor must introduce the concepts in a medium that will be best appreciated by the students—and viewing films are in fact a very concise way (less than two hours) to discuss the disorder and its implication to the patient and his immediate social circles.Nevertheless, while watching films are convenient, the learning process must not end after the film credits were shown. The professor must take a proactive stance in discussing after the film was viewed in order to correct any misconceptions that might have been depicted in a film that was viewed. The instructors of the course or subject must not fully rely on what the director showed in the movie. After all, films are still partly the product of creative min ds. BibliographyHoward, R. (Director). (2001). A Beautiful Mind [Motion Picture]. Rita L. Atkinson, e. a. (1999). Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology. Pennsylvania: Harcourt College Publishers. Rosenstock, J. (2003). Beyond A Beautiful Mind: Film Choices for Teaching Schizophrenia. Academic Psychiatry , 117-122. Willingham, T. (2008, January 11). Using Film in Education. Retrieved July 14, 2010, from Suite101. com: http://curriculalessons. suite101. com/article. cfm/movie_schooling