The Race Of The Confederate - 1234 Words

Discussion The findings did not fully support our hypothesis. It does not appear that race impacted the reaction from the participants. This means that the race of the confederate did not significantly affect the level of the participant’s response to the spatial invasion. However, closeness significantly affected the negative reaction as White female students reacted more to a confederate sitting directly next to them than one seat away. The interaction between race and closeness was trending towards significance. Students would react more to White confederates when sitting next to participants than minority, but they would react more to minority confederates when sitting one seat away from them. The fact that there is no main†¦show more content†¦How the participants regarded the situation also would have greatly impacted their reactions. Felipe Sommer (1966) found that when spatial invasions occur, if the participant thought they were the subordinate, then they were drastically more likely to accommodate then to defend their territory. Similarly, Barash (1973) found that only the dominant of the two made demands for increased space. Although White women have more influence than minority women, these White students may see their minority peers as having more power. Due to Tulane’s new policies in respond to race issues, there is more aware of racial tensions, which could show White students that minority ones have more influence on campuses. If they saw the situation in this way, it would make sense why they would react more to White confederates than minority ones when sitting directly next to them. This dominance may actually have been increased by White students fear of being perceived as racist by their peers. Alexander Tredoux (2010) found that many White students reported anxiety in being regarded as racists. If this is true, then that would only increase the perceived dominance of minority women, since they would be too anxious to react to their spatial invasions. This does not necessarily mean these White students are actually racist. Spanierman et. al (2012)Show MoreRelatedTaking Down The Confederate Flag1577 Words   |  7 PagesSeptember 9, 2015 FA1 Debate Draft Taking down the Confederate Flag The confederate flag, a topic that has been the center of controversy for many years now, is an emblem of southern pride and heritage to some, while to some it is purely a symbol of hate and racism. After the shootings in South Carolina, it is clear that the flag should be taken down. Since it represents white supremacy and inequality and not Southern pride. The confederate flag, one of the most controversial image of the AmericanRead MoreRacism And The American Civil War963 Words   |  4 Pagesas someone who believes their race is the superior race. The current events with the confederate flags has brought about conversation that these people are racist. This term is correct but misused when discussing the context for the choice of words. Society believes these individuals are racist because displaying the flag is assumed to display hatred. These people who proudly display the confederate flag are racist because they believe the white race is the supreme race. There is nothing wrong withRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1208 Words   |  5 PagesThe debate over the recent mass shooting in Charleston, South Carolina has sparked a controversy involving the presence of the Confederate flag. Apparently, there is a common perception among Democrats that the Confederates are associated with racial crime and hate in America. The su spect behind the shooting in Charleston has confessed that he acted about the idea of white supremacy in the South. A large section of the American population agrees the flag is a symbol of racism since it was establishedRead MoreConfederate Flag : History Or Hate1688 Words   |  7 Pages The Confederate Flag: History or Hate The beginning of Confederate flag controversy started due to the request of the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) to remove the flag off the South Carolina statehouse. This request, based on the fact that the anti-flag groups, claim that the meaning of the Confederate flag as one of hateful and discriminatory views. On the other hand, there are other groups that believe differently which considered themselves pro-flag groupsRead MoreRacial Formation As A Symbol Of Southern Pride988 Words   |  4 Pagesexample of racial formation is the removal of the confederate flag, after an incident that involved a white man who shoot and killed nine black people in a church. Afterwards, photos appeared online of the shooter waving the confederate flag. The flag has since become a controversial symbol, portraying racialism and white supremacists. I have always seen the confederate flag in war movies and viewed the flag as a symbol of southern pride. The confeder ate flag, historical background dates back to theRead MoreHistorical Heritage And Regional Identity1732 Words   |  7 Pagesall buildings on campus; the chancellor ultimately decided that the Associated Student Body was right in this decision. The appropriateness of the Confederate flag has become a major point of dispute in this country. In the state of Mississippi, however, the argument is complicated by the fact that the state flag itself incorporates the Confederate flag into its design. Those who advocate the change of the flag confirm what John Grisham, Morgan Freeman, et al. said in a letter to the editors ofRead MoreEthnic And Of The United States935 Words   |  4 Pagesamendments of the constitution is the fourteenth amendment, which freed the slaves and gave human equality and rights for all races in the US. Thus, African American still suffer the most today when a young white male shoot and killed nine African Americans in church in Charleston South Carolina (Schal ler). My research paper will consist of subjects whom they are related to race discrimination and what happened lately in Charleston church and who was behind this massacre and what was his motive to doRead MoreConfederate Flag Is America s Swastika1512 Words   |  7 PagesConfederate Flag In The Hill, a top U.S. political magazine, in June 2015, Contributor H. A. Goodman wrote, â€Å"The Confederate flag is indeed America s swastika.† In the same way the Jewish community sees the swastika as a painful reminder of the Holocaust, the African-American community perceives the flag as a reminder of slavery and racial discrimination. The Confederate flag, a relic of the devastating Civil War, has become one of the most controversial and contentious icons in American historyRead MoreEssay on Abraham Lincoln: Slavery and The End of the Civil War646 Words   |  3 Pagesmatter what color or race you are, you have the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also states America’s freedom from Great Britain. What most people get wrong is that The Declaration of Independence wasnt signed on July 4, 1776. This was the date that congress Adopted and Printed the document. Many leaders didn’t sign the Declaration of Independence until after Augu st 2, 1776. The Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary defines racism as â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinantRead MoreThe Great American Civil War1204 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States of America, to form a new country, the Confederate States of America, Confederacy. This happened just after the election when the first republican president, Abraham Lincoln, was voted into office. At the time, South Carolina was the only state to secede from the union. On April 12, 1861, a full 114 days, a tiny fort was attacked. The fort was called Fort Sumter. It was the first attack on the United States of America by the Confederate States of America. There were no casualties in the

Be Careful Not to Plagairize Essay - 666 Words

According to the Harvard Guide to Use Sources, it is considered plagiarism if you use a language or report and turn it in as your own without appropriately crediting the sources used. On the sources that you used to gather information, if you can not locate the author, make sure to scroll down and look everywhere for an author. If you cannot locate an author, make sure that you appropriately cite the website in your bibliography. Although it may seem obvious, while you use the Internet to gather information, you need to be extra wary about where you gathered your information because you can mistakenly plagiarize. Although it may have been a mistake, you still take the consequences because you DID commit plagiarism and there is nothing†¦show more content†¦An extremely helpful way to avoid mosaic plagiarism is by keeping track of your ideas and the ideas that you have gathered from your source(s). It is advisable to write down the ideas that belong to you and the ideas that y ou have gathered through your research on separate papers labeled differently. Inadequate paraphrasing is also an easy way to commit plagiarism. In order to paraphrase, you need to change more than just a couple of words. When you re-write it, if it is too close to the original, then you are plagiarizing. According to the Harvard Guide of Using Sources, while you write your paraphrased statement, it may help if you put away the source that you used. If you can not express the meaning you are intending to convey, you can write the authors statement in verbatim and put the statement in quotation marks and apply the appropriate citation. Next, you will learn about an Uncited Paraphrase. When you paraphrase another persons sentence or article, that information still belongs to them even though you paraphrased it. It is not adequate to just source your material, but you also have to cite the source even if you have paraphrased extremely well because the idea(s) still belong to the author (s). A rule of thumb is that if you did not come up with the idea(s) yourself, you need to cite the source because you were not the person who introduced that piece of article which means you need to use the appropriate citations. Very similar to an Uncited

The Emergency Management Planning Process - 1305 Words

Life is full of unexpected disasters as well as calculated ones. As a whole, society cannot account for all disasters that will occur nor can we successful eliminate the results of these disasters. That’s why in most advanced societies there are people in place to manage and or monitor natural disasters. These people are in charge of the planning process and execution of emergency management systems or operations. They are essentially the people responsible for ensuring that when a disaster whether natural or acts of fate occur the effect on the community or society as whole is minimal. The emergency manager or planner is to follow a strategic planning process that encompasses a variety of aspects including but not limited to a†¦show more content†¦The first step in the emergency process as stated in the introduction is to form a collaborative planning team that will take the emergency situation head on. The team must understand emergency planning as well as the ability to collaborate on an intellectual level with other team members. Each member must have the same goal as well as objective. These objectives include providing safety for people, property as well as facilities. The members must be comprehensive, which includes provisions to assess the severity of potential hazard. The team will then move on to take steps to eliminating the disaster or problem. In conclusion, the collaborative planning team must understand the four fundamental theories of disasters. This serves to develop the most effective plan or process for disaster relief. The four fundamental theories of disasters include acts of fate or God, acts of nature or natural disasters, joint effects of nature and society and social constructions. Although each disaster take on a different persona, the collaborative planning team can learn from past emergency situations to aide in the understanding of the situation. Understanding a situation is essentially gathering info rmation and facts that arise from the situation. The emergency management team is to stick to the planning principle when gaining anShow MoreRelatedEmergency Management : A Threat Of Public Safety1451 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Management is an important aspect in our everyday daily lives. Emergencies can arise any place at any time on any day. The nature of any disaster can be unpredictable and may change in scope and impact. When an emergency is encountered there is a threat of public safety, the community, properties, the economy, infrastructure, public health, etc. Disaster Management is not a problem solver it does not avert or eliminate the threats made, it mainly focuses on eradicating the severityRead MoreThe Importance of Continuity of Services in Emergency Management Planning623 Words   |  3 PagesEmergency Management Planning Introduction objective of this study is to identify an important aspect of an Emergency Management Plan. It is the position of this writer that continuity of services is the most important aspect of the Emergency Management plan. I. Emergency Management Planning A ten-step approach to continuity planning is reported to be inclusive of the following ten steps: (1) Conduct risk assessment; (2) protect staff and patrons; (3) Creation of procedures that ensureRead MoreEssay about Knoxville, Tennessee Emergency Operations Plan989 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction An emergency operations plan for the community in which we live is a document of great importance to each of us whether we know it or not. This paper examines the emergency action plan for Knoxville, Tennessee. In the course of the examination, it will compare and analyze the plan for Knoxville with the standards set forth in the textbook for this course along with other recognized sources in the field of emergency management. Knoxville, Tennessee With a population of nearly oneRead MoreThe Accounting Software Installation Project Case Study1680 Words   |  7 Pages49285: EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SUBJECT OUTLINE Subject Number: Emergency Management Credit Points: 6 Subject Coordinator: Dr Jaya Kandasamy Subject Lecturer: Peter Garland Semester/Year: Spring 2007 Prerequisites: Completed a degree course Co-requisites: Nil, but a basic knowledge of local government procedures is helpful Anti-requisites: Nil, although some previous experience in local government and emergency management is usefulRead MoreEmergency Department Bottleneck1309 Words   |  6 PagesEmergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Joyan Thomas University of Phoenix Online OPS/HC 571 Patience McGee March 7, 2011 Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Introduction Most hospitals experience the affects of the unexpected, ambiguity and uncertainty, and as a result, face challenges with quality. Middletown Hospital is a 200-bed general not-for-profit hospital. The hospital has a 20-bed Emergency Department (ED). It averages 100 patients per day. The CEO of the hospitalRead MoreEssay on Federal Disaster Planning and Relief620 Words   |  3 PagesThis paper will discuss information on the federal disaster planning and relief program, and explain how the program raises issues of federalism, and the pros and cons from two perspectives. Disaster planning is the development and documenting of a plan that will allow an organization to recover from a catastrophic event. It should include procedures that are appropriate to the function and size of the business (Bucki, J.) As where disaster relief is the services or monies available to individualsRead MoreEmergency Planning And Community And Emergency Preparedness911 Words   |  4 Pageslittle time for preparation. Emergency planning involves the process of identifying the potential hazardous situations that would compromise the safety and security, or make an emergency situation worse, and trying to minimize such conditions in advance in the attempt to reduce the severity of the emergency.In the United Kingdom, part one of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 provides the guidelines for preparedness of organizations. A similar law, known as the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-KnowRead MoreEssay on Phases of Emergency Management915 Words   |  4 PagesEmergenc y Management Emergency management is often described in terms of â€Å"phases,† using terms such as mitigate, prepare, respond and recover. The main purpose of this assignment is to examine the origins, underlying concepts, variations, limitations, and implications of the â€Å"phases of emergency management.† In this paper we will look at definitions and descriptions of each phase or component of emergency management, the importance of understanding interrelationships and responsibilities for eachRead MoreThe Community Emergency Response ( Cert )1379 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse. The Community Emergency Response (CERT) course is one way the community can educate or update itself on the importance of writings and words of practitioners and scholars alike. There are exercises that can help the community to get a better understanding of the realities of response through drills, tabletop exercises, functional exercise, and full-scale exercise. By engaging in these activities, one is able to identify any shortfalls or failures that may exist in planning, training, organizationRead MoreExploring Terrorism And Terrorism1312 Words   |  6 PagesResponse Framework (NRF) from the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) describes these areas as the five pillars of emergency management that combine to create the National Preparedness Goal (FEMA 2013). The NRF, like most emergency response plans, is designed to be flexible, scalable, and adaptable to fit a variety of situations under an all-hazards approach to emergency and disaster management. Many state and local jurisdictions model their own emergency operations plans after the NRF in an effort

Palawan, Philippines free essay sample

Palawan is an island province of the Philippines located in the western sector opposite the Visayan region. The main island, Palawan lies between the South China Sea and the Sulu Sea and the size is 450 kilometres long and 50 kilometres wide. It is composed of long and narrow islands plus a number of other small islands surrounding the main island. The Calamianes Group, to the northeast consist of Busuanga Island, Culion Island and Coron Island. Durangan Island almost touches the western most part of Palawan, while Balabac Island is located off the southern tip, separated from Borneo by the Balabac Strait. In addition, Palawan covers the Cuyo Island in the Sulu Sea. The disputed Spratly Islands, located a few hundred kilometres to the west is considered part of Palawan, locally called, â€Å"Kalayan Group of Islands. † During the ancient times (some 22,000 years ago) waves of migrants arrived from Borneo as confirmed by some anthropologists in the Philippines and by way of land bridges between Borneo and Palawan. We will write a custom essay sample on Palawan, Philippines or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They were known as Aetas and Negritos, Palawan’s Batak tribe descended, other tribes too like Palawano and Tagbanwa. Chinese traders came also to Calamian group, Chinese artifacts are found. In the 12th century, Malay settlers came by boats. These people planted rice, ginger, coconuts, sweet potatoes, sugarcane and bananas and raised also pigs, goats and chicken. Most of their activities were hunting and fishing. They had a dialect consisted of 18 syllables. Later the Indonesians followed and brought with them Buddhism and Hinduism. Because of Palawan’s proximity to Borneo, the southern portion of the island came under the rule of the Sultanate of Brunei. Trade flourished and intermarriages among the natives, Chinese, Japanese, Arab, Hindu. The result is the breed of Palawenos, both in physical and features. Palawan was named, â€Å"Land of Promise† by Antonio Pigafetta, Magellan’s chronicler in 1521. The northern part of Palawan (the Calamianes Islands) were ruled by the Spaniards who later sent Spanish friars to Cuyo, Agupaya, Tatay and Cagayancillo but met resistance from the Moro communities. Before the 18th century, Spain had built churches inside the garrisons and defended them against the Moro raids. By 1858, Palawan was divided into two provinces, namely Castilla, the northern part with Tatay as its capital and Asturias as the southern sector and Puerto Princesa as its capital. Later, Palawan was divided into three districts, Calamianes, Paragua and Balabac with Principe Alfonso as its capital. After the Filipino-American war (1899-1902) the American established civil rule in northern Palawan, calling it Paragua. In 1903 to follow the Philippine commission Act No. 1363, the province was organised to include the southern portions and renamed Palawan and Puerto Princesa declared as its capital. Many reforms in projects were introduced later and constructure of schools, promotion of agriculture and bringing people closer to the government where the top priorities during the era. During the Japanese occupation of the Philippines on Dec. 14, 1944, 150 US prisoners of war were herded by General Yamasita’s troops into 3 covered trenches and set them on fire, burning the screaming prisoners alive. The heinous war crime was committed in order to prevent the p. o. w. s from being rescued by the advancing Allies. Some who escaped the fire were shot down. Only 11 men survived the slaughter. This massacre was published into a book, recently entitled: Last Man Out: Glenn Mctole, USMC survivors of the Palawan Massacre in WW II by Bob Wilbanks. In Palawan you’ll find fauna and flora similar to that found in Borneo. Among the many endemic species are Palawan Peacock-Pheasant, Philippines Mouse-deer, Philippine Pangolin and Palawan Bearded Pig. The forest and grasslands are alive with the songs of more than 200 kinds of birds. Over 600 species of butterflies flutter around mountains, attracted to some 1500 host plants. Endangered sea turtles nest on white beaches. Dugong (sea cow) population are getting less too. The Community Centred Conservation organisation and other institutions are trying to put a stop or end of the unsustainable use of marine resources in Palawan and in the Philippines. Palawan was cited by National Geographic Traveler magazine as the best island destination in the East and Southeast Asia region in 2007 and the 13th best island in the world having â€Å"incredibly beautiful natural seascape and landscapes. † Renowned under water explorer Jacques Cousteau has described the province as having one of the most beautiful seascapes in the world and Caril Ridley, founder of PEMS says the islands of Northern Palawan are destined to become a future destination for Asia’s growing economic and environmental conferencing. Some of Palawan’s favorite sites, Boayan Island, nearby the Calauit Game Preserve and wild sanctuary of exotic African Animals and endangered endemic animals of Palawan. The reserve was established on Aug, 31, 1976 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 1518. Coron Reefs, Coron Bay, Busuanga Seven lakes surrounded by craggy limestone cliffs attract hundread of nature lovers to Coron Reefs in northern Palawan, near the town of Coron. Busuanga Islands main Town is Coron, is the jump-off point for many dive operators. The principal dive sites are 12 WWII Japanese ship wrecks sunk on Sept, 24, 1944 by US Navy action. From novice divers to snorklers and vocational divers and to experienced TEC divers all are offered exciting wreck exploration. The aquatic views from the sunken Japanese war ships off Coron Islands are listed in the Forbes Traveler Magazine’s Top 10 best scuba sites in the world. Dive operators offer courses in day diving, snorkeling trips and overnight dive safaris. Live-aboard and charter boats also offer diving in the area. El Nido Marine Reserve Park, Travel and Leisure (2008 issue) listed EL Nido Lagen Island and EL Nido Miniloc Island resorts as â€Å"conservation-minded places on a mission to protect local environment. † Malampaya Sound Land and Seascape Protected Area are located in the municipality of Tatay, this important ecological and economic zone is a watershed and fishing ground and the habitat of Bottle-nosed and Irrawaddy dolphins. Puerto Princesa Subterrean River National Park, features a large limestone karst landscape with an underground river. One of the rivers characteristics features is that it emerges directly into the sea and its lower portion is subject to tidal influences. The area also represents the significance habitat for biodiversity conservation. This site contains a full â€Å"mountain-to-sea† ecosystem and has some of the most important forest in Asia. Ursula Island, this game refuge and birds sanctuary is located near the municipality of Brooke’s Point in southern Palawan. The islet is a migratory and wintery ground for shore birds and sea birds. Safety and security for the visitors, locals and tourists are maintain by the Armed Forces of the Philippines –Western Command in Coniyaran and the Philippine National Police-Palawan Command with headquarters in Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa. Military units in the province under the Western Command are the Philippine Air Force 4th Naval District IV, Delta Company and 10th Marine Battalion Landing Team located in Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa. Excellent health facilities and medical staff are provided by the government and private centres. As for communication, 4 telecommunication companies provide local and international direct distance and fax services. There are 19 post offices and a number of Cargos for warders for air parcels and flight services.

What Is Standard Deviation free essay sample

One feature of the standard deviation that distin ¬guishes it from a variance is that the standard deviation is expressed in the same units as the raw data, whereas the variance is expressed in those units squared. The meaning of standard deviation is more readily understood from its use. Although the standard deviation and the variance are closely related and can be computed from each other, differentiating between them is important, because both are widely used in statistics. What is a standard deviation? What does it do, and what does it mean? The most precise way to define standard deviation is by reciting the formula used to compute it. However, insight into the concept of standard deviation can be gleaned by viewing the manner in which it is applied. Two ways of applying the standard deviation are the empirical rule and Chebyshev’s theorem. †¢The empirical rule is an important rule of thumb that is used to state r/. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Standard Deviation? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page v approximate per-centage of values that lie within a given number of standard deviations from the mean of a set of data if the data are normally distributed. The empirical rule is used only for three numbers of standard deviations: 1? , 2? , and 3?. †¢The empirical rule applies only when data are known to be approximately normally distributed. What do researchers use when data are not normally distributed or when the-shape of the distribution is unknown? Chebyshevs theorem applies to all distribu ¬tions regardless of their shape and thus can be used whenever the data distribution shape is unknown or is non-normal. Even though Chebyshevs theorem can in theory be applied to data that are normally distributed, the empirical rule is more widely known and is preferred whenever appropriate. Chebyshev’s theorem is not a rule of thumb, as is the empirical rule, but rather it is presented in formula format and there ¬fore can be more widely applied. Chebyshev’s theorem states that at least 1—1/K2 values M ill fall within  ± k standard deviations of the mean regardless of the shape of the distribution. The sample variance is denoted by s2 and the sample standard deviation by s. The main use for sample variances and standard deviations is as estimators of population variances and standard deviations. Because of this, computation of the sample variance and standard deviation differs slightly from computation of the population variance and standard devi ¬ation. Both the sample variance and sample standard deviation use n 1 in the denomina ¬tor instead of n because using n in the denominator of a sample variance results in a statistic that tends to underestimate the population variance. Reference link: http://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

The Life of Astronomer Claudius Ptolemy

The Life of Astronomer Claudius Ptolemy The science of astronomy is one of humanitys oldest sciences. No one knows quite when the first people looked up and began to study the sky, but we do know that very early people began noting the sky thousands of years in the past. Written astronomical records were recorded in ancient times, often on tablets or walls or in artwork. That was when observers began charting what they saw in the sky. They didnt always understand what they observed, but realized that the skys objects move in periodic and predictable ways. Claudius Ptolemy with an armillary sphere he used to predict solstice dates and other celestial sights. Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Claudius Ptolemy (often called Claudius Ptolemaeus, Ptolomaeus, Klaudios Ptolemaios, and simply Ptolemeus) was one of the earliest of these observers. He systematically charted the sky to help predict and explain the motions of the planets and stars. He was a scientist and philosopher who lived in Alexandria, Egypt nearly 2,000 years ago. Not only was he an astronomer, but he also studied geography and used what he learned to make detailed maps of the known world. We know very little of Ptolemys early life, including his birth and death dates. Historians have more information about his observations since they became the basis for later charts and theories. The first of his observations that can be dated exactly occurred on March 12, 127. His last recorded one was February 2, 141. Some experts think his life spanned the years 87 – 150. However long he lived, Ptolemy did much to advance science and appears to have been a very accomplished observer of the stars and planets.   We get a few clues about his background from his name: Claudius Ptolemy. Its a mixture of the Greek Egyptian Ptolemy and the Roman Claudius. Together, they indicate that his family was probably Greek and they had settled in Egypt (which was under Roman rule) for some time before his birth. Very little else is known about his origins.   Ptolemy, the Scientist Ptolemys work was quite advanced, considering that he didnt have the types of tools that astronomers rely on today. He lived in a time of naked eye observations; no telescopes existed to make his life easier. Among other topics. Ptolemy  wrote about the  Greek geocentric view  of the universe (which put Earth at the center of everything). That view seemed to quite nicely put humans at the center of things, as well, a notion that was hard to shake until Galileos time. Ptolemy also calculated the apparent motions of the known planets. He did this by synthesizing and extending the work of Hipparchus of Rhodes, an astronomer who came up with a system of epicycles and eccentric circles to explain why Earth was the center of the solar system. Epicycles are small circles whose centers move around the circumferences of larger ones.  He used at least 80 of these tiny circular orbits  to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. Ptolemy expanded this concept and made many fine calculations to fine-tune it.   This drawing by astronomer Jean Dominique Cassini was influenced by the epicycles that Ptolemy refined by his mathematics and observations of the sky. public domain This system came to be called the Ptolemaic System. It was the linchpin of the theories about objects motions in the sky for nearly a millennium and a half. It predicted the positions of the planets accurately enough for naked-eye observations, but it turned out to be wrong and too complicated. As with most other scientific ideas, simpler is better, and coming up with loopy circles wasnt a good answer to why planets orbit the way they do.   Ptolemy the Writer Ptolemy was also a prolific writer in the subjects and disciplined he studied. For astronomy, he described his system in his books that make up the  Almagest (also known as Mathematical Syntaxis). It was a 13-volume mathematical explanation of astronomy  containing information about the numerical and geometrical concepts behind the motions of the Moon and known planets. He also included a star catalog that contained 48 constellations (star patterns) he could observe, all with the same names that are still in use today. As a further example of some of his scholarship, he made regular observations of the sky at the time of the solstices and equinoxes, which allowed him to figure out the lengths of the seasons. From this information, he then went on to try and describe the motion of the Sun around our planet. Of course, he was wrong because the Sun does not orbit Earth. But, without more knowledge of the solar system, it would have been very difficult for him to know that. However, his systematic approach to charting and measuring sky events and objects was among the first scientific attempts to explain what happens in the sky. The Ptolemaic System was the accepted wisdom about the motions of the solar system bodies and the importance of Earth in that system for centuries. In 1543, the Polish scholar Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric view which put the Sun at the center of the solar system. The heliocentric calculations he came up with for the movement of planets were further improved by Johannes Keplers laws of motion. Interestingly, some people doubt that Ptolemy truly believed his own system, rather he merely used it as a method of calculating positions. A page of Ptolemys Almagest translated and reproduced by Edward Ball Knobel. public domain   Ptolemy was also very important in the history of geography and cartography. He was well aware that Earth is a sphere and was the first cartographer to project the spherical shape of the planet onto a flat plane. His work, Geography  remained the principal work on the subject until the time of Columbus. It contained amazingly accurate information for the time and given the difficulties of mapping that all cartographers raced. But it did have some problems, including an overestimated size and extent of the Asian landmass. Some scholars think that the maps Ptolemy created may have been a deciding factor in Columbuss decision to sail west for the Indies and ultimately discover the continents of the western hemisphere. Fast Facts about Ptolemy Not much is known about Ptolemys early life. He was a Greek citizen living in Alexandria, Egypt.Ptolemy was a cartographer and geography, and also worked in mathematics.Ptolemy was also an avid skygazer. Sources Claudius Ptolemy, www2.stetson.edu/~efriedma/periodictable/html/Pm.html.â€Å"Claudius Ptolemy.†Ã‚  Ptolemy (about 85-about 165), www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Ptolemy.html.â€Å"Notable People.†Ã‚  Who Was Claudius Ptolemy, microcosmos.uchicago.edu/ptolemy/people.html.? Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen

Steamboal Bill. Jr Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Steamboal Bill. Jr - Movie Review Example This movie is a silent comedy thriller produced in 1928 by Charles Reisner featuring Buster Keaton and he has written the story along with Carl Harbaugh. It is a story about William Canfield (Steamboat Bill) who is a captain owning ship and is awaiting his son to come and join his business who has finished his graduation. But to his dismay, his son arrives with his lover who is the daughter of his business rival King. Steamboat gets jailed for misconduct and his son tries to save him from jail but end up in the middle of the cyclone storm. The storm strikes down building and the wind buffet Steamboat bill Jr. He takes shelter under a tree and it gets uprooted and he land up at the waterfront. Then he gets chance to show his manlihood and ends the rivalry between William and King and save all of them from the accident. The story has a theme of rivalry and triumph of a son. The story has a focus on the rivalry between Canfield and King and which led both the people in trouble. This is also the reason why Canfield hesitates for the marriage between his son and lover. The other theme being the delicate triumph of son over his father where he saves his father and his rival from an accident. It is good to see that the movie has lush scenery which makes the movie a pleasant watch. The movie has a good measure of sympathy and suspense. The different episodes of the movie are depicted discreetly and this enhances the drama of the movie. The special effects of the movie are note worthy as the picturization of storm was technically flawless. It was realistic and added to the technical quality of the movie. The stunts and special effects were inventive and wildly inventive. The Keaton played as a good protagonist with his athletic expression and comedic physicality. Keaton’s stunt shots are immortal .The movie had romance, action and humor. The camera angles of the movie were interesting and there was an innovative